Seminar Advantage and Disadvantage Essay Example for Free

Workshop Advantage and Disadvantage Essay * The preferred position in setting up your course in two months before your workshop is that you can get ready everything with greatness since you have a ton of time to get ready. * You have a great deal of time to find a decent setting, choose a plan so that can catch the crowd enthusiasm by observing the zone so unwinding and reviving. * Whatever food you intend to fix, attempt to keep to the widely appealing in your determinations of what to fix. Think about the food for its fundamental food esteem as well as for how much satisfaction it will give in its eating. When you have your menus made, buy the entirety of your food supplies that can purchased ahead * You can likewise get an excellent speaker or host in your class * You can choose what number of crowd you are going to welcome, and what your objective market are. * You likewise have a ton of time to extend your planned rundown. Burden * The burden of this more drawn out arrangement is that there is a propensity that you are going to make a huge difference of what you have arranged before, on account of changing of your arrangement consistently to make your course lovely until the day will come. Bit of leeway IN SIX WEEK PRIOR TO YOUR SEMINAR * The bit of leeway in this stage is you can assign a greater amount of your chance to perform what is your undertaking in this period. * Make sure that your greeting card is astonishing and innovative. This time, you can change whenever your solicitations if there is a PC blunder in your greeting. * You should check how acquiring and tribute the speaker is, it is for you to realize how viable he is as a speaker with the goal that the crowd will process the plan of your workshop plainly. * Preparing your plan to can't submit botch before the crowd. * You should check your site for the temperature issues, check the normal of your sets, room type and state of the region, for the finish of the set ups of the scene. Detriment * The detriment of this current week there’s such huge numbers of courses are radiantly brimming with content yet some way or another progressively hard to process in light of the fact that there is oneâ keynote in the presentation by the speakers and the subjects is basic chain of thinking or brought together body with maybe numerous subtleties yet one superseding topic. Bit of leeway IN THREE WEEKS PRIOR TO YOUR SEMINAR * The upside of this current week you will realize that in the event that they are accessible and inspired by your course. * Distributing your rundown of potential participants will abbreviate the ideal opportunity for you to search for a crowd of people. * You have somewhat more an ideal opportunity to build up your rundown of crowd if the other reaction that they can't go to the class. * You get an opportunity to persuade the crowd to go to the course by calling them. * By having the covering, media, and leaflets, you don't have to go to that individual and persuade them to go to the course. * People will come and have an enlistment in the event that they are intrigued. Hindrance * The hindrance is that there’s a group of people will decline your greeting and there are times the exposure you made isn't that successful most uniquely in the event that you are absence of money in directing your class or your distribution is too plain to even consider getting the consideration of a crowd of people to be in your course. TWO WEEKS PRIOR TO YOUR SEMINAR * The benefit of this current week is that you have last participants in your rundown. * The activity is to send them letter to affirm if at any point they alter their perspective, you despite everything have the opportunity to search for a substitution. * Obtain the material for introduction to forestall issues. * Create assessment sheet and agenda for participants ahead of time, for the occasion come the rundown is readied. * Create an affirmation or token ahead of time to forestall bother. Drawback * The drawback of this current week, you don't have a lot of time to deal with a major issues is there is, should particularly in the setting. Bit of leeway IN THREE DAYS PRIOR TO YOUR SEMINAR * This week you have an affirm participants on your rundown book and you will train them where the setting is, the thing that time it will be and the enlistment expense. * The occasion you are arranging is decidedly ready and done. Burden * You don't have time if there will be a crowd of people to pull out. In setting, materials, greeting, token issues and so on there is no more opportunity to fix.

Effect of positive feedback on achievement Essay

Impact of positive input on accomplishment - Essay Example The investigation centers upon the effect of positive criticism on accomplishment. This may be best upheld by the possibility of developmental appraisal procedures, which help in molding a student’s learning capacity and instructive additions obtained by the kid during the procedure of homeroom training. Cooperation between an educator and an understudy is the way to progress in the successful additions from training accumulating to the understudy. Developmental instructive methods involve the demonstrative use of assessment implies where the educator needs to evaluate an understudy dependent on perceptions, conversations in the study halls, schoolwork done by the understudy, tests and examination of crafted by an understudy. Taras (2008) takes note of that much should be done so as to comprehend the ongoing upgrades or changes realized in the territory of appraisal in training. Dark and William (1998) in their work â€Å"Inside the Black Box† see that the assessment framework is developmental when the criticisms or data gathered by the educators are used in reshaping the instructing and learning procedure with the end goal that the real prerequisites are met. These might join some elective showing rehearses, alterations in the guidance or giving more events to practice to the understudies. The point of this paper is to investigate the effect of positive criticism on the accomplishment of a person with an attention on the regions of progress basic for the execution of developmental appraisal strategies. With regards to training, evaluation assumes a significant job. This is particularly evident if there should be an occurrence of kids and youths. Certain educators accept that gaining includes the exchange of information from the instructors to the students and comprehension can grow later. Others are resolved to frame a showing base, which includes associations. In such a domain developmental

How to Create and Manage your Blogs Content Roadmap

How to Create and Manage your Blogs Content Roadmap A content roadmap can a useful tool for both new bloggers and established ones. The roadmap will help the blogger strategize their long term plans for the blog and create posts that work towards this ultimate strategy or goal in a systematic and organized manner. © Shutterstock.com | new7ducksIn this article, we will look at 1) what is a content roadmap, 2) why create a content roadmap and 3) how to create a content roadmap.WHAT IS A CONTENT ROADMAPA content strategy helps create material that delivers a consistent message and meets the expectations an audience has from a blogger. A content roadmap should include both the strategy and the game plan for content production and publication. This can be for any period but a good time-frame to start with is three months. A reader is interested in engaging stories that a blogger shares and wishes to be a part of the story by interacting with them. A roadmap will help a blogger better achieve this.One key benefit of a roadmap is that it will take much of the guesswork out of blogging and the generation of leads. The other is that it allows the blogger to work towards specific goals.A content roadmap should have the following elements:Substance â€" What content is needed by the blogger and their aud ience and why?Structure â€" How is this content to be organized, prioritized and accessed?Workflow â€" How will this content be actually created and maintained?Governance â€" How will the decisions about content and content strategy be made?WHY CREATE A CONTENT ROADMAP?Julie R Neidlinger blogs at Lone Prairie  and is a writer, artist and pilot from North Dakota, USA. She makes the case for how a content roadmap helps you get more done for your blog. Often, people feel that unplanned content is more fresh and spontaneous. Though blogging is often random and sporadic in the beginning, a strong case can be made for a roadmap as reader base and expectations grow.Benefits of Creating a Blog RoadmapAccording to Neilinger, a roadmap does the following positive things for your blogging.Using your Inspiration in Better Ways At the moment inspiration hits, a blogger can get lots of great things done. But inspiration is not a regular event. It can come at any time and with planning, you can m ake sustained use of one burst of inspiration. When inspiration hits, it is a good opportunity to plan a series of posts rather than just one. A good way to do this to write down quick notes and ideas for several posts that include things like headlines, post ideas, content themes, series or even e-book titles.Using your Time to Perfect Posts If posts are planned in advance, it gives you adequate time to rework, refine and fine tune the post. According to Think Better by Tim Hurson, humans work in thirds. This means that the first try at something is a crude one, the second gets better and the third is where the actual gem lies. Many blog posts are within the first part and are rough and unrefined initial ideas. Given time a blogger can reach the third stage and eliminate lazy writing mistakes, proofread and edit.Eliminating Rants and Regrets In spontaneous blogging situations, there are often instances where a blogger is irritated or annoyed and turns this into a rant on a blog. This moment of annoyance can turn to regret later if the rant gets you into any sort of trouble. This could be as basic as a post not aligning with your regular material or angering a potential partner or advertiser. A planned post calendar will mean that the post will have a few days to sit and be considered and you will have the chance to take it off the roster.Having Opportunity for Research With a plan in place, you will know in advance what has to be written and what research is needed to make the post a robust one. The post ideas stay in your head and any relevant material on the internet or your daily routine can turn into more ideas for the post.Using Organized Ideas A well-organized roadmap will mean that you can find the right ideas when you need them and use them as such. A good tool or system will mean that ideas are noted appropriately and available when needed.A planned approach to blogging is simply knowing what will be written and when. The roadmap can be as basic as headlines and basic notes or as detailed as outlines, research links and leads. Planning ahead helps ensure that there is regular content being published on the blog and you are less likely to be affected with writer’s block or a lack of ideas.HOW TO CREATE A CONTENT ROADMAPThere are many ways to get organized and create a content roadmap for your blog. Some important steps to keep in mind are discussed below.Step 1: Decide how Often to BlogThe first step to creating a blog content roadmap is to decide how often you can and want to blog. At this stage, it is important to consider your schedule realistically and set the right target. It is always better to post new articles regularly and consistently. In the beginning, this can be as less often as two posts a month and later on, it can be as often as one post a day. This regularity is preferred to erratic posting where a blogger may post a series of articles and the go silent for a few months. This behavior leads to lost readers . Successful blogs are not marked by the number of posts in a month but by the consistency with which posts appear.Step 2: Identify Blog Audience Bloggers begin by posting to a limited audience and write about what interests them. But the audience grows, it becomes necessary to filter the content to make it more relevant and interesting for this audience. Blogging for customers means writing for existing readers as well as for the readers that a blogger wants to have. Two questions to ask when identifying the audience you want to blog to:Who is currently reading the blog?Who do you as a blogger enjoy interacting with the most?Step 3: Identify Blog Categories In early stages of the blog, categories may be formed based on the posts that have been written already. This means a variety of categories which may or may not be complimentary or properly assigned. When the readership for a blog grows, and a content roadmap is to be created, it is a good idea to revisit the goals of the blog a nd decide categories to create posts within. These categories should be based on what your audience likes and is in keeping with the blog itself. You can begin by brainstorming between 5 to 10 categories that get the most likes, comments or shares when articles relating to them are posted. Categories can be broad and not necessarily closely linked, but they all need to be of interest to your readers.Step 4: Brainstorm Blog Post IdeasOnce the categories are decided, it is now time to think of potential post ideas within each category. Initially, the best idea is to come up with at least 10 ideas within each category. Instead of letting this activity linger on, it may be necessary to set a timer on it like most brainstorming activities. Sit with a notepad and pen and start writing whatever comes to mind. If you blog is based on food for example, you could list 10 recipe ideas for each category such as sweet, savory, breakfast, table décor ideas, etc.At this point, there don’t need to be too many details in the blog ideas, but you can add any that pop up. Blog posts themselves do not all need to be long and detailed but can be based on photos or a small video. Ideas can pop up any time, so it is a good idea to have a system in place to record these and log them into the content roadmap.Step 5: Keep an Eye on Holidays, Special Events TrendsWithin your categories, determine events and potential trends of interest as well as holidays and how they relate specifically to what you do. Make sure to note any collaborations, craft or trade shows or other events that may be on the horizon and work them into the roadmap. Trends are harder to plan for, but you can build enough leverage in your plan to accommodate any extra posts on current trends or a new concept.Step 6: Make an Editorial Blog Calendar Using any tool, whether online, on your desktop or an actual calendar and start entering your roadmap. You can begin with special events that occur at specific times and t heir related posts, move on to holidays and eventually your other post ideas. The categories should be mixed up so that all of them get highlighted and the blog stays engaging and interesting. Many bloggers will schedule posts as early as two or three months in advance, allowing themselves time to work on the structure and content of the blog posts and adjust as needed. To begin with, a good idea is to schedule at least a month of posts in advance.Step 7: Begin Writing PostsAll this planning becomes useless if the content roadmap is not followed regularly and without any gaps. Most blogging platforms will allow for posts to be scheduled in advance and these will be published on the specified dates.Step 8: Keep Reviewing and Updating the RoadmapReviews and update ensure that your roadmap remains relevant and on track. This does not mean that the schedule can be changed if you have failed to follow the calendar or if you do not feel like writing a specific set of posts.Step 9: Measure A key to staying relevant with your audience is to keep measuring the impact of posts created as a result of your roadmap. This will help you understand what works and what doesn’t and consequently help you prioritize the things you need to be working on. There are many tools that are free to use and can help measure this impact. Some of these are:Google Analytics â€" Helps track visitors and their actions as well as to set goals and track campaigns.Social Mention and Topsy â€" Help identify what people are saying on social media about your website.TOOLS AND TIPS TO SUPPORT ROADMAPSCreating and managing the content roadmap is often a daunting task and time intensive as well. In addition to the actual writing and design of the each blog post, there is the planning and research that needs to go into them. Some tools and tips from experienced professionals can help you manage all this work.Google Docs or Evernote for Brainstorming: Kelsey Jones, Managing Editor at Search Engine Journ al, uses google documents and Evernote for her personal clients and content ideas. These are used for brainstorming and keeping track of any ideas and tasks.Mention for Tracking Topics: Selena Narayanasamy, Digital Strategy SEO Consultant, uses several tools including Mention to track specific topics and phrases. She then suggests using Zapier to pull that into organized Evernote notes. These can then be reviewed and broken into categories.Coschedule: She also mentions Coschedule for tying content planning in with social editorial calendar.Compile Best Content Ideas: Angelica Valentine, Content Marketing Manager at  Wiser suggests compiling the best ideas once a month. These can then be prioritized and used to plan for future posts.Spreadsheets for Tracking Target Audience and Keywords: Andrew Dennis, Content Specialist at PageOnePower suggest the use of spreadsheets to maintain editorial calendars for effective content planning. Along with paid options, Google Docs is a good free tool. The spreadsheet can act as a weekly calendar with rows representing days of the week and columns addressing aspects of content such as target audience, target keywords etc.A printable blog planner can be found here to get you started.

Hobbes Theory of the Nature of Humans - 2245 Words

Socrates and Machiavelli both aspire to the same end of accomplishing certain political goals. Machiavelli, in the Prince, speaks of his desire to end political conflict through the institution of order while Socrates, as described by Plato, seemingly wishes for the government of his time to be replaced with a more just system. Though the two historical figures are both very relevant to the concepts of power and how to attain it, they are polar opposites when it comes to the means by which they hope to accomplish their personal ends. In The Prince, Machiavelli gives an essential guide of how a Prince must appear and how he must interact with his subject in order to make sure that they are complacent and subordinate. On the other hand,†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, the perfect prince is more observant and more aware than the gadfly, which would play to his benefit. That said, a perfect prince ought not avoid a mediocre gadfly (imagine that!) because he (the pri nce) is wiser are more clever. On the other hand, an imperfect prince does not have the tools nor intelligence to evade a gadfly, and will thus necessarily be revealed. On the other a prince may be able to mitigate the impact of a gadfly. To start, people give much more credence to a prince than they give to any old man wandering the street badgering people with questions. Secondly, the prince could mitigate the gadfly problem by denying the gadfly access. If the gadfly does not have access to the prince, there is no way for the revelations to be made and thus the prince will be able to maintain his power unquestioned. The only way that the gadfly in the real world could have an effect is if he can get access to the prince, find the contradictions (defeat the prince’s master ability of deception), publicize them to the people, and in the end have the credibility to be taken seriously. In conclusion, though both the Machiavellian Prince and the Socratic Gadfly have the intention of accomplishing certain political ends, the means by which they seek the accomplish those ends is completely different.Show MoreRelatedComparing Thomas Hobbes and Augustine Essay878 Words   |  4 Pagesstate of nature is a condition of constant war, which rational and self-motivated people want to end. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Augustine argues that peace is more than the absence of hostilities - it is a state of harmony that makes possible the full functioning of human beings. Full functioning comes from the four internal virtues (courage, justice, temperance, and prudence) that we must exercise to achieve good human morality. Human morality, by and of its self, will not allow us humans to travelRead MoreThomas Hobbes State of Nature in Leviathan Essay847 Words   |  4 Pagesdeemed paramount. Within the State of Nature that is, outside of civil society we have a right to all things ‘even to one another’s body’, and there would be no agreed authority to ensure the moral grounds of our decisions. Therefore since there are no restrictions and no shared authority; man is naturally un-guarded and prone to conflict and each individual is deemed a potential threat to our resources. From this concept Hobbes deduces that the state of nature is thus primarily a state of war,Read MoreCompare and Contrast Hobbes’s and Locke’s Views of the State of Nature and the Fundamental Purpose of Political Society. Whose View Is the More Plausible? Why?1564 Words   |  7 PagesCompare and contrast Hobbes’s and Locke’s views of the state of nature and the fundamental purpose of political society. Whose view is the more plausible? Why? Introduction Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were both natural law theorists and social contracts theorists. While most natural law theorists have predominantly been of the opinion that humans are social animals by nature, Locke and Hobbes had a different perspective. Their points of view were remarkably different from thoseRead MoreHobbes And Locke s Political Legitimacy1530 Words   |  7 Pagespolitical legitimacy might look quite similar at first glance, because each theorized about the nature of mankind and the right political systems that would meet the needs of individuals. However, in Hobbes’ perspective, political authority does not pre-exist in individual’s state of nature, rather, it is created by the social contract and serves to ensure self-preservation which is threatened in a state of nature. In contrast, Locke thought that the social contract does not create authority, but that politicalRead MoreThomas Hobbes and John Locke on Natural Rights Essay929 Words   |  4 P agesHobbes and Locke on Natural Rights According to the natural right theory, the state of nature is the original condition of human beings in regard to any common authority. In the state of nature, according to Thomas Hobbes, each individual has a right to everything, even the body/life of the other. The state of nature can lead to the state of moral chaos. Moral chaos produces physical chaos or war, thus the state of war, the war of all against all. The reason this is because no one has anyRead MoreThe Social Contract: Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau1377 Words   |  6 Pagescontract theory into what it is in this modern day and age. The social contract theory was the creation of Hobbes who created the idea of a social contract theory, which Locke and Rousseau built upon. Their ideas of the social contract were often influenced by the era in which they lived and social issues that were present during their lives. Although all men sit in different positions on the theoretical political spectrum, which is derived from the ir work on the Social Contract Theory, they carryRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke s Political Theories Essay2061 Words   |  9 PagesAnalyzing Thomas Hobbes and John Locke’s Political Theories and Justifying if these Governmental Officials Have Legitimate Reason To Hold Secrets from the Public Systems of government across the globe are utilized to various extents. Similarly to John Locke’s vision of government, the United States stands by a system of representative democracy. This means that our government highly values that the people of a society hold the power of where the direction of their state goes through electing officialsRead MoreNiccolo Machiavellis Change In The Scientific Revolution And Secularism Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesBentham and Machiavelli had similar ideas on utilitarianism, or doing what is best for the largest group of people. Also occurring throughout the Renaissance and Enlightenment was the Scientific Revolution, which would forever change the way man viewed nature. From 1500 to 1900, the idea of humanism led many to use logic and reason to make new discoveries and inventions. Jacob Bronowski, author of The Western Intellectual Tradition, consistently portrays many of the philosophers he discusses as a scientistsRead MoreRussian Mafia1601 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most famous types of organized crime in the past and present is the Russian Mafia. This article entails the rational choice theory model with how it justifies being able to join the Russian Mafia and the business that they conduct. A rational theorist would argue that we as people are rational human beings who carefully calculated the consequences of our behaviour. We make choices based on the cost benefit analysis. The concept of the cost benefit analysis is that when we have to makeRead MoreThe Theories Of International Politics Essa y1648 Words   |  7 Pagesnational interest in terms of power. It explains the anarchist nature of the global society without a form of international government possibly existing. If no government is present, then the chaos and disorder is inevitable as every state carries unstoppable search for power at the same time. This explains how states behave and interact with one another. Hobbes defines this incessant search for power as being inherent to our very human nature. The only role of each state is therefore to maximize that

Secondary Data - 2036 Words

Q) What are Secondary Data? Secondary Data Secondary data is information gathered for purposes other than the completion of a research project. Data previously collected by someone else, possibly for some other purpose that can be used later for making decisions if found suitable for the purpose, other than the original one. Secondary data can be acquired from the internal records of the organization, their departments, subsidiaries or sister organizations and also from external sources, such as chambers of commerce, government, professional and commercial consultants subject to the availability of data . †¢ e.g., data in books, journals, newspapers, magazines, etc. †¢ e.g., data in reports, surveys,†¦show more content†¦Accounting and financial records. These are often an overlooked source of internal secondary information and can be invaluable in the identification, clarification and prediction of certain problems. Accounting records can be used to evaluate the success of various marketing strategies such as revenues from a direct marketing campaign. There are several problems in using accounting and financial data. One is the timeliness factor – it is often several months before accounting statements are available. Another is the structure of the records themselves. Most firms do not adequately setup their accounts to provide the types of answers to research questions that they need. For example, the account systems should capture project/product costs in order to identify the company’s most profitable (and least profitable) activities. Companies should also consider establishing performance indicators based on financial data. These can be industry standards or unique ones designed to measure key performance factors that will enable the firm to monitor its performance over a period of time and compare it to its competitors. Some example may be sales per employee, sales per square foot, expenses per employee (salesperson, etc.). 3. Miscellaneous reports. These can include such things as inventory reports, service calls, number (qualifications and compensation) of staff, production and RD reports. AlsoShow MoreRelatedSecondary Data4906 Words   |  20 PagesCollecting, Reviewing, and Analyzing Secondary Data WHAT IS SECONDARY DATA REVIEW AND ANALYSIS? Secondary data analysis can be literally defined as second-hand analysis. It is the analysis of data or information that was either gathered by someone else (e.g., researchers, institutions, other NGOs, etc.) or for some other purpose than the one currently being considered, or often a combination of the two (Cnossen 1997). If secondary research and data analysis is undertaken with care and diligenceRead MorePrimary and Secondary Data3550 Words   |  15 Pages1. PRIMARY ANDSECONDARY DATA We explore the availability and use of data (primary and secondary) in the field of business research.Specifically, we examine an international sample of doctoral dissertations since 1998, categorizingresearch topics, data collection, and availability of data. Findings suggest that use of only primarydata pervades the discipline, despite strong methodological reasons to augment with secondary data. INTRODUCTION Data can be defined as the quantitative or qualitativeRead MoreIntroduction to Secondary Data1935 Words   |  8 Pagesof the research project specifies both the data that are needed and how they are to be obtained. The first step in the data-collection process is to look for secondary data. These are data that were developed for some purpose other than for helping to solve the problem at hand. The data that are still needed after that search is completed will have to be developed specifically for the research project and are known as primary data. The secondary data that are available are relatively quick andRead MoreDifference Primary and Secondary Data923 Words   |  4 Pages d) Malls e) Saloons Market stategy: f) Target g) Demography h) Packaging i) Labeling j) Pricing Q.7) Market research is generally either primary or secondary. Primary market research is when a company carries out research first hand. Primary market research is more reliable than secondary research because you know that the information you have gathered is accurate, as you have collected it yourself. It is also specific to your type of product/service. On the other handRead MoreSecondary Analysis of Qualitative Data2317 Words   |  10 PagesThis essay aims to examine the practice of secondary analysis on qualitative data in terms of barriers to overcome and advantages of its practice. Over the last decades, archives of qualitative data have become widely accessible to research-es and there has been a smaller revolution in the practice of secondary analysis on such data. (Seale, 2004) There are both practical and methodological ad-vantages for researchers to use data that has been collected by others in order to pursue new research.Read MoreSecondary Data And Sales Potential848 Words   |  4 PagesSecondary Data Sales Potential In order to accurately predict sales potential, the measurement of market size in which the product will be introduced is a vital factor in the initial marketing process. An analysis of the relating demographic factors, market trends, and competitor market share should be executed to achieve this. The following secondary data and market research will allow for one to determine how, when, and to whom the Skarp Razor should be launched into the current Canadian consumerRead MoreMain Advantage Of Secondary Data For My Research969 Words   |  4 PagesSecondary Research Secondary data is data collected from other reliable sources. Common sources of secondary data include census reports, Government records, newspaper articles and many more. Secondary research plays vital role in any kind of research. This is as of now gathered and accessible. Secondary data has the upside of being accessible quickly, is frequently cheap and simple to get yet the weakness is that it may not meet all the needs of research. Advantage The main advantage of secondaryRead MoreThe Origin Of Secondary Data And How The Samples Will Be Selected1944 Words   |  8 Pages 3. Methodology This chapter will present how the author finds answers to our research questions, the author will explain the origin of secondary data and how the samples will be selected. Figure 9 is the schematic presentation of the methodology. Figure 9 Methodology Process (Foster, 1998, p. 81) 3.1 Purpose of the Research In the chapter of Research Purpose and Objectives, the purpose of this research has been briefly explained. Generally, there are three common types of purposes of academicRead MoreUsing Secondary Data Collected From Online Sources Essay1311 Words   |  6 Pages3.0 Methodology The paper uses a comparative case analysis through the use of secondary data collected from online sources. Some of the data include news, books, organisational and football club website. 3.1 Comparative Case Study A comparative case study is an in-depth investigation of a person, group, institution or phenomena through comparison with another . The paper will do a comparative case study of FC Barcelona with the leading clubs in terms of revenue generation, namely Real MadridRead MoreComparing Techniques For Collecting Data On Primary And Secondary Sources2212 Words   |  9 Pages Statistical Inferences Purpose: In this unit we have studied how to: †¢ comparing techniques for collecting data in primary and secondary sources. †¢ Making sense of the position of the mean and median in skewed, symmetric and bimodal displays to describe and interpret data. †¢ Constructing histograms and back-to-back stem-and-leaf plots. †¢ Calculate relative frequencies †¢ Investigate data used and its validity Now it is your turn to demonstrate your fluency and understanding of these concepts

Shark Attacks Free Essays

On 11 July, 1916 Rensselaer Cartan Jr. saw a looming dark figure and noticed a large fin protruding from the water. A shark, the newest fear of many after the several attacks that occurred just days before. We will write a custom essay sample on Shark Attacks or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yet he was 17 miles inland, he knew what he saw and set out to warn the town of the â€Å"sea monster† looming in the creek. â€Å"No way† were the thoughts of many as they heard Caratan Jr. tell his tale, and they continued on with their normal lives, despite his desperate cries of fear and warning. The attacks of Lester Stilwell and Stanley Fisher show that the technology of this era was very un-advanced, this was also the first recorded shark attack in fresh water, and the amount of time it took for a doctor to reach the place of the attack was lengthy and costly. The technology in this era was very weak in comparison to today’s modern medicine and was not efficient in life if death situations. In this time there was no ambulances and the way to be rushed to the hospital was by train and by automobile. If theses attacks had occurred in modern times, the death of Fisher may have been stopped. The death of Stilwell was definite, due to the fact that the shark mangled Stilwell’s body beneath the water, where he drowned. He also would have died from sheer amounts of blood loss and the fact that no one would have reached the eleven year old boy on time. Though modern technology has changed the amount of help that doctors can provide patients the patient, must be first saved from the cause of death. In this case the shark did not let young Stilwell have the opportunity of medical treatment that he so desperately needed. These attacks were a shock to the world because they occurred in a creek seventeen miles inland. Bull sharks have been found in various fresh water sources, sometimes far upriver or upstream in some cases, their high tolerance for fresh water nearly unique among shark species. (Davidson) The bull shark is a shark that is known to be found in modern times to swim into the mouths of rivers to find better prey. This was unknown to the people of 1916 as was many facts of the entire species of sharks. Nobody thought a shark would travel so far inland and in a creek no larger than 45 feet across. (capuzzo 89) The shark had been allowed to travel so far up due to the fact the the tide was at its highest point due to the lunar cycle. (capuzzo 91) The shark was easily able to maneuver and find its prey in the murky water. The amount of time that it took for a doctor to reach the scene, where Stilwell and Fisher were attacked was far too long. According to Julius Kish, no doctor lived or worked in the town of Matawan in 1916. This may have contributed to the fact that Fisher died and did not receive medical attention right away as was needed. The only immediate he received was that of his friends, who were in shock. His friends made a makeshift tourniquet using rope to stop the excessive blood flow. (Capuzzo 101) This was not enough to save the mans life, he needed immediate medical attention. Stanley fisher slowly began to die as he waited for the doctors to arrive to treat his wound, a large chunk of flesh missing from his pelvis. Fisher’s wounds were dire, yet he willed to live. â€Å"That afternoon in 1916, however, the treatment Stanley Fisher required was two hours and thirty-nine minutes away. † (Capuzzo 101) At this time hospitals lay far apart and the travel to a hospital may be too far and by the time patients reach the hospital, death has already set in. When Fisher pulled his body out of the water he lied there in a pool of his own blood. (capuzzo 100) As the blood would continue to flow he was at risk for blood loss and also diseases of having an uncared for open gash. With such a limited supply of medical attention in this era caused casualties that would be routine in todays modern age. The attacks of 1916 started an epidemic of natural fear against man eating sharks. Lester Stilwell’s body took two days to resurface. In those two days rumors flowed through America on what had happened to the boy. The curiosity on what caused this â€Å"rouge† shark to go on such vicious attacks initiated people to begin researching these mysterious predators. presently we now no much more about sharks and continue to research to better understand how these suspicious animals tick. How to cite Shark Attacks, Papers

Living Lyrics free essay sample

I had to hustle/ My back to the wall, Ashy knuckles/, Pockets filled with a lot of lent/ Not a cent / gotta vent. These were the lyrics of my life at this particular point in time. It was the middle of my eighth grade year. I was the new guy at Texas Middle School. I had just moved from Houston to Texarkana, Texas. My mom and I were constantly relocating. She had a repetitive nature for abusive relationships. Some were emotional, but most were physical. Although I never let them get too physical. She promised me she would try the single life for a couple months and see how things worked out. Granted, she makes several false promises; I was willing to believe her this one time. I had managed to make the school basketball team. I never got any playing time. During the first three quarters, the bench and I would converse. We will write a custom essay sample on Living Lyrics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then fourth quarter took a liking to me; we got acquainted more than just a few times. I have always been smaller than others my age so just the thought of myself playing high school football made me cringe He just sits/ and watches the people in the boxes/ Everything he see’s he absorbs and adopts it/ He mimics and he mocks it/ Really hates the box but he can’t remember how to stop it/ I am not sure what it is about me but I always look at the negative side of things. One might say I see the glass half empty. It was pretty easy to meet new people who say â€Å"hi† and â€Å"bye† to me from time to time, but with my being the new guy and being shy at the same time, it would be a while before I acquired any real friends. So as one would expect I got pretty lonely. Then again, I would never be too solitary. No matter where I went my good friend poverty would trail not too far behind. Even with all this going on, I was trying my best to fit in. I was slowly being sculpted by conformity and peer pressure. A good percentage of the student body with whom I was familiar were either into drug usage, or they were sexually active. I was too much of a coward engaged in either. Despite all my fear, all of my lonesomeness, all of my adversities, there was always one thing that was constant. There was always that one thing that kept me sane: poetry. No matter what mood I was in, although it was usually a pessimistic one, I would be able to translate my emotions to paper with no problem. The hard part was making them rhyme. Slowly but surely creatively expressing my thoughts started to get easier day by day. One day I would be writing about how much I dislike my English teacher, Ms. Harnes, and the next I would be jotting down little nonsense rhymes because they were amusing. It was not until this point that I had realized that I did not have so much of a negative attitude any more. The school days seemed to soar by like a Lear jet in the pale bl ue sky. All of a sudden I started seeing things in a different light. Even though nothing had changed my state of mind had. B team was not so bad. At least I made it. I mustered up the courage to try out for the football my freshman year of high school and I was not too bad. I gained a friend here and there and even started associating with him outside of school. Poverty still lagged behind me, but I tried not to focus on it so much. Besides, free lunch is not that bad. I was a better me, and all because I found a way to express my emotions through writing. Now these are the lyrics to my life: Finally I can say, Everything today has gone my way It’s a Lovely Just go paid Stack it up, be on my way It’s a lovely day, Lovely day A Lovely day

L’oreal’s Way to Success in the European Haircare Products Industry Essays

L’oreal’s Way to Success in the European Haircare Products Industry Essays L’oreal’s Way to Success in the European Haircare Products Industry Essay L’oreal’s Way to Success in the European Haircare Products Industry Essay L’oreal’s Way to Success in the European Haircare Products Industry Introduction: L’oreal, the name of the cosmetics giant, appears with high frequency in nearly all world-class newspapers and magazines in recent times. There is a striking headline in the Independent (London, England) on Feb 21, 2004 p54, â€Å"LOreal builds on two decades of growth as profits soar. † The news is â€Å"Loreal has set its sights on notching up two decades of consecutive annual double-digit growth after reporting a 13. 5 per cent rise in profit last year. † Lindsay Owen-Jones, chairman, showed his confidence for the rate of internal sales growth next year. Maybe it is not too difficult for a company to rank first of its annual sales growth. But it seems a mystery for a company to keep its position of market-leader in the world with annual double-digit growth for 19 years and even more enigmatical for a company in the cosmetics industry. How can L’oreal compete against its rivals and gain today’s success? Let’s go back to 1997. At that time, L’oreal was the market leader in France and at the end of June, after considerable coordination between company headquarters and subsidiaries, Lindsay, stated the company’s new mission : Make L’oreal Elseve a leader throughout Europe. Though shampoo was used by 83. 5% of the population, there was little brand loyalty and it was extremely difficult to create any. A widespread belief in Europe is that changing shampoos frequently was good for the hair because otherwise it would get used to a particular shampoo and the result would not be so satisfactory. The important reason is that shampoo is a product which can help L’oreal penetrate into all households by all kinds of people. Leadership in the shampoo could give L’oreal a considerable boost in its brand recognition and make it accessible to the young customers and males. The ardousness ahead of L’oreal was obvious. This article will base on L’oreal, the pilgrim’s progress, to analyze what critical success factors of L’oreal are to create its competitive advantage and how L’oreal has successfully sustained its advantage with the marketing strategy to underpin its position step by step in the European haircare market. Critical Success Factors of an Organization Critical Success Factors in General Johnson Scholes states (p. 151) that critical success factors (CSFs) are those product features that are particularly valued by a group of customers and, therefore, where the organization must excel outperform competition. † Hooley et al (1998, p. 45) thought that â€Å" The essential factors in choosing how to create the competitive advantage are that it must be on a basis of value to the customer (lower prices, superior quality, better service). ?Core Competences: Hamel and Prahalad (cited Lynch 2003, p. 235) said t hat â€Å"Core competence are a group of production skills and technologies that enable an organization to provide a particular benefit to consumers †¦. hey act as a fundamental resource of the organization. † Johnson Scholes (2002, p. 156) thought that the most important feature of core competence is robust, i. e. being difficult to imitate. The aim can only be obtained through the constant innovation. The following is the analysis of L’oreal’s critical successful factors. ?Resources Creating Competitive Advantage 1. Processes, Products, Services 2. Human Resources 3. Information 4. Financial Resources Porter (1985) suggests that the above four kinds of resources can create a competitive advantage and that cost leadership and differentiation strategies could be adopted. The analysis of L’oreal’s success will be illustrated as follows. L’oreal’s critical successful Factors ?Core competences: Constant research and innovation- the determinant of L’oreal’s competitive position 1. Historical analysis: L’oreal was founded in 1907 by the chemist Eugene Schuller, since then the Group carried on the tradition that put research at the centre of his development strategy. From the review of L’oreal’s history, it is obvious that result of research and innovation is the determinant of its competitive position. . 978: Elseve had a positioning as a shampoo for damaged hair and was seen as too rich, too nourish and too heavy to be used on a daily basis. But at this time, the frequency in the use of shampoos increased dramatically and shampoos which has the hasteristic of being gentle and mild enough to be used every day became more appealing to consumers. Timotei, Ultra Doux and MIxa baby a baby shampoo became the market leader because it was as so mild that it can be used every day. When planning Elseve’s brand extension, L’oreal decided to offer separate products for frequent and less- frequent shampooing. This gave rise to products such as Elseve Baslsam, Elseve Frewuence, Elseve Volume Nd Elseve for oily hair. But the positioning has not made much improvement. 1987: Following a new product launched by Timoei, the market had its new trend: active ingredients were in fashion and products started to introduce natural ingredients. The Elseve products were renewed and L’oreal decided to target new market segments. The idea was to offer products for all types of hair, enriching the formula with a different active ingredient for each type of hair. 994: L’oreal developed a silicone-based formula which treated each stand of hair individually, leaving it very soft and easy to comb as it was thoroughly detangled. Consumers noticed this immediately and Elseve successfully enter the normal hair segment of the market. Thereafter, L’oreal profited from the advantage of polyesters and silicone. The successful combination of the two ingredients in the shampoo formula gave Lâ€⠄¢oreal a major advantage over its competitors and escalated its competitive position. 1995: The company launched Elseve Multicitamines and added the Technicare line to the Elseve product range. Elseve Multivitamines used a silicone-based formula that tested better than the composition of Procter Gamble’s silicone-based Pantene which at the time was the European market leader. Launching Elseve Multivitamines enabled Elseve to increase its target segments, addressing not only consumers with damaged hair or other hair care problems bur also people with normal hair. The new formula was the milestone of L’oreal’s shampoo battle. The innovation of research brought a series of good results: increase of sales and so did prices. The high revenue made it possible to increase the advertising budget, further increased its market share. Since then, with the leading position of the new skills and constant development as well as successful implementation of marketing strategy, L’oreal went steadily towards its No 1 position. 2. Panorama of Research Development in today’s L’oreal: The continuous innovation has helped L’oreal gain its competitive advantage and kept on escalation of its competitive position, from a French leader to be a European Leader and now the world leader. L’oreal regards research as the heart of the business. The investment in research is much higher than that of its rivals. 1)Delicate combination of Research and Marketing: a)A balance between the creative RD and marketing-led RD has kept L’oreal launching new viable products continuously. i. Advanced research: this is a long-term research with the aim of developing new ingredients, better understanding and improving the effectiveness of new ingredients and products as well as better understanding its toxicological effects. For example, marketers wanted a natural fruit-based shampoo range for the European market. It took 10 years of hard RD to develop the formulae for the Fructis range. L’oreal is reasonable to give scientist freedom to work on their long-term ideas. Ultimately, in July 1996 in France tests showed spectacular results of the Fructis range on the quality of hair. Within the first six months alone, it had sold nearly 5 million units and since then it has helped L’oreal capture 28 percent of the European shampoo market by being rolled out into not only European market but also in Scandinavia, Russia and Chile. On the health front, an International Safety Assessment Department of L’oreal looks in-depth at the toxicological profile of all the ingredients used and assesses the safety and tolerance of all formulations before they are used and put on the market. ii. Applied research: this level takes over ideas from both L’oreal’s own advanced research and from what has been done outside the company to refine new materials and put them into practice. It will take a long time to evaluate its effectiveness, its acceptance in use. For example, Research Institute in Chicago is dedicated to advanced research to improve understanding of the properties and specific requirements of the skin and hair of people of African descent.. 2)During the development work of new product, it is quite important of the researchers not lose sight of industrial reality. There more formal contacts between scientists and marketers which is unusual in other companies. Some formal meeting held usually including the contents such as: one day per month to discuss the progress of current projects; two or three meetings per year for the scientists to reveal their goodies to the marketers. )Renovating faster than competitors: In the hypercompetitive market conditions, it is no longer enough to plan for sustainable positions. In order to gain advantages, firms must be prepared to pre-empt imitation by others. With continuous launch of new products and brands, L’oreal hopes to make a strong and immediate impact on the market. ?Resources Creating Competitive advantages: Companies can add value by creating competitive advantage through the incremental management of the following resources. 1. Processes, Products , Services: )Selecting Raw materials and close relationship with suppliers: L’oreal pay much attention on the selection of the raw materials. With the aim of product safety and effectiveness, all the 2,800 raw materials used are continuously being renewed at a rate of 150 a year. The suppliers all over the world manage L’oreal to obtain the highest natural ingredients. L’oreal set out to promote and develop the use of raw materials from natural, renewable sources. In 2002, 39. 7% of their raw materials in volume terms came from plants. These new raw materials are the product either of LOreal Research or of research carried out by suppliers. A constructive ongoing dialogue with its suppliers plays an important role during the process. Using this diversified approach, progress has already been made in raw material selection. Partnerships allow them to establish a close, long-term relationship with suppliers based on innovation, safety and quality. 2)Reducing operating cost of products: It streamlines packaging, gains economies of scale in the aggressive management of the top performing brands. Elseve (Elvive, ElVital) shampoo bottles have been improved and now require almost 25% less material, which equates to almost 450 tons of polyethylene a year saved. In addition to this reduction, the indirect effects on transport and recycling are also minimized. 3)Address possible segments: L’oreal has made an elaborate and deep study so as to address possible market segments. It has divided up the total European market according to the geographic segmentation, age, gender, typology, nature of hair, washing frequency, and amount used (See Appendices 1 to 4). The aim of L’oreal is to â€Å"seeks to make accessible to women and men all over the world†. L’oreal launched the brand L’oreal’s Studio Line for men and P’tit Dop for children. 4) Market Targeting: L’oreal makes deep and thorough survey about the people’s attractiveness of different European countries. For example, Germany was more price-oriented than other countries, so using the strategy of price reduction can increase Elvital’s market share increased significantly. Another example is that Spain was the European country with the most greasy and least straight hair. The market accepted the introduction of new products that contained technological innovations. Natural ingredients were very well accepted. 5)Umbrella brand strategy: Competing with a number of different L’oreal brands enabled the company to position its products in more market segments and compete for market leadership by adding all together sales for its different brands. At the same time, product cannibalism was avoided by designing different positioning strategies: every single product invested in creating its own personality. )Broadest Distribution channels: L’oreal is able to make its most advanced technologies available to a large number of people. All the Group’s brands, particularly those whose purpose is to provide a wide group of people with the most innovative products at affordable prices, make the latest discoveries more accessible. 7)Communications Srategy: L’oreal’s communications strategy involves signing contracts with major intern ational stars from the world of show business and fashion to make them the spokespersons for specific items. In the UK, Jennifer Anniston, an actress on the leading TV sitcom â€Å"Friends† was chosen as the brand spokeswoman. Jennifer Anniston transmitted a modern, powerful image because she was a famous actress and very popular among generations aged 15 to 35. She was also very admired for her beautiful, stylish hair. The Ceramide R molecule , which was able to â€Å"Wash the strength back into your hair. † , was claimed by its advertising for the entire range in the UK. Delicate design of the advertising helped Elvive capture more than a 6% market share in 1997, and rose to 8% in the following year, making it the second –ranked brand on the market. Another example is about the leading brand Elvive. Elvive tries to capture the essence of pleasure using advertisements that sound tempting: â€Å"Because I’m worth it. †, says L’oreal. (Principle, Kotler, p. 459) 2. Human Resources: 1)Implement the best possible working conditions and try to make employee relations as personal as possible. 2)Recruit talented people from multicultural backgrounds and develop diversity. 3)Offer Sharing achievements: In 2003, LOreal paid a total of â‚ ¬43 million in bonuses under the WPS scheme for the 2002 financial year, equivalent to an average of two weeks salaray. 4)Motivate people, particularly through a highly dynamic approach to remuneration and mobility. )Promote personal and professional development through the training programs offered by the Continuing Education and by comparing experiences. 6)Developing partnerships with Universities: The Groups involvement with universities has been stepped up and it now maintains 120 close partnerships all over the world. These ta ke different forms, including: financial backing for chairs, such as those at Oxford (Business School) 3. Information Resources: Information is one of the most basic ingredients of a successful marketing strategy. (Keegan, p. 189) Another job for applied research mentioned above in L’oreal is to watch the competition. About 20 people in L’oreal do nothing else but surfing the web and getting hold of 1,000 new products of other companies. Between 700 and 800 of them are examined in minute detail. 4. Financial Resources: Strategy is influenced and constrained by the financial resources of a company. John Scholes said (p. 348), â€Å"The advantage of ‘deep pockets’ is that a competitor can withstand an intensive competitive war. The organizer can gain competitive knowledge worldwide and also move resources wherever they are necessary either to preserve their own interests or to tackle competition. L’oreal’s success in the European started after it created its competitive advantage in its financial resource. In 1995, the success of new formula allowed L’oreal to increase the price of Elseve products by 20%. Increased revenue meant that Elseve could spent more on advertising. This enabled Elseve to address more segments with differentiated messages, thereby further increasing its market share. The Marketing Environment Kotler et al (1997, p. 64) stated that â€Å"Managing the marketing functions would be hard enough if the marketer had to deal only with the controllable marketing-mix variables. The company operates in a complex environment (macro- and micro- )which consists of uncontrollable forces and actors which affect the company’s ability to perform well. Successful company is able to analyze its environment and so that it can avoid the threats and take advantage of the opportunities. ?The Macro-Environment This consists of a number of broader f orces that affect the company, which are largely uncontrollable, a new product or marketing program is likely to be more successful if it is in-line with strong macro environmental trends rather than opposing them. 1. Political: Political changes in the 1990s meant that almost all trading nations function with market –based economies and their trade policies have tended to encourage free markets between nations. (Johnson , p. 105) Governments are breaking up monopolies and introducing more pro-consumer legislation concerned with making the customer the ultimate decider on what will and will not to be produced. (Wright, p. 5) 2. Economical: With the adoption of the euro as a standard currency, many political boundaries will fall. By removing currency conversion hurdles, the switch will likely increase cross-border trade. (Kotler, et al , p. 59) 3. Social cultural/Natural: There is an increasing convergence of markets world. In some markets, customer needs and preferences are becoming similar 4. Technological: The fast development of technology is the key characteristic of environmental turbulence. It brings the high innovation turbulence. New technology creates new markets and opportunities and also ma kes markets and companies obsolete. ?The Micro-Environment: It includes the company itself, suppliers, customers, and competitors as well as public. The above analysis of L’oreal’s critical successful sectors has made relevant detailed statement. SWOT Analysis: Understanding the environment, taking good advantage of the opportunities and avoiding the threats are important elements of L’oreal’s success. SWOT analysis is useful for a good understand of L’oreal. Strength: L’oreal’s high speed of renovation (over 3,000 new formulas) and the absolute competitive advantage of technology provide solid barriers for the potential entrants to entry. Its products cover all possible segments. The aim of L’oreal is to â€Å"seeks to make accessible to women and men all over the world†. L’oreal is able to make its most advanced technologies available to a large number of people in all areas of products. All the Group’s brands , particularly those whose purpose is to provide a wider group of people with the most innovative products at affordable prices, make the latest discoveries more accessible. It can be said that L’oreal has managed to satisfy the desire of different segments of buyers. All these strength made it quite difficult to be substituted, at least provide the delay of being substituted. L’oreal is adept at continuously bringing innovation to the marketplace and maximizing the use of established brand names with new products targetd at these subsegments and niches. The advanced research result make many promising question marks become stars. Based on the solid financial resources, the stars will become cash cows as their markers mature. So many stars and cash cows of L’oreal shine actively in the world. Every product’s advantage is temporary, and will be eroded. However, long-term advantage of L’oreal maybe sustained through a series of temporary advantages. Weakness: L’oreal is present in 130 countries, has 290 subsidiaries. Because of social and cultural difference, it is not easy to make the management is efficient in each subsidiary. The large distribution may meet unexpected trade trouble because of political risks, such as loosing all control, ownership of assets and market access. (Bradley, p. 133) Opportunities: In 1995, the French haircare products market was saturated at that time. The success of the new fomula made L’oreal occupy the capability to enter the European market. The opportunities to enter the European market gave L’oreal a shot in the arm. Globalization and deregulation as well as the emerging of European Union speeded up the entry. In haircare industry product, customers’ needs and preferences of different countries are becoming more similar. The trend of healthy and shiny hair has gained popularity. All these opportunities offered L’oreal more space to develop. Threats: Facing powerful threat from world famous brands of Procter Gamble, Unilever etc, L’oreal has had to invest heavily in innovation. The Group has 3 percent of consolidated sales devoted to research, 2823 people engaged in cosmetics and dermatological research, 501 patents registered in 2002. By comparison, Procter Gamble, Unilever, spend only 1. 7 percent and 1. 5 percent respectively of their cosmetics turnover (which is 20 percent lower than that of L’oreal in any case. The threat can be low if L’oreal can keep on developing patents and launching new formulas faster than other Group. (Brassington Pettitt, p. 385) Conclusion: L’oreal’s opportunities outperformed the rivals’ threats and its weakness seemed much less important than its strength. The whole trend of environment is in favor of L’orealâ €™s progress. It can be convincible that L’oreal’s powerful core competence of constant innovation and flexible, efficient marketing strategy has forged and sustained L’oreal’s success and bring it a bright future. References: . Kotler, P. , and Armstrong, G. , 1997. Marketing: an Introduction. 4th ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall. 2. Wright, R. , 1999. Marketing: Origins, concepts, Rnvironment. 1st ed. London: Thomson Learning. 3. Doyle, P. , 2000. Value-based Marketing: Marketing Strategies for Corporate Growth and Shareholder Value. 1st ed. Chichester: John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 4. Keegan, W, J. , 2002. Global Marketing Management. 7th ed. Person Education, Inc. 5. Bradley, F. , 2002. International Marketing Strategy. 4th ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall. 6. Brassington,F. , and Pettitt, S. 2003. Principles of Marketing. 3rd ed. Harlow: Pearson education limited. . 7. Kotler, P. et al . 2001. Principles of Marketing. 3rd European ed. Harlow: Pearson education limite d. . 8. Johnson, G. , and Scholes, k. , 2002. Exploring Corporate Strategy. 6th ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall. 9. Hooley, G. J. , et al. 1998. Marketing Strategy Competitive Positioning. 10. Porter, M. E. , 1985. Competitive Advantage. Free Press. 11. Prahalad, C. K. , and Hamel, G. , The core Competence of the Corporation. Harvard Business Review (May/June 1990), p. 79-91.

Freelance Editors for Indie Authors

Freelance Editors for Indie Authors Do you want to make your book the best it can be? Of course you do. But how do you do that? If you are an indie author, as so many of us are these days, it is essential that you work with both a professional editor and an experienced cover designer. The process for finding these pros is pretty similar but today we are going to take a look at how to find the perfect-fit editor for you and your book. Editors come in two general categories: a.) developmental editors who work with you right out of the gate to help you understand your market, conceptualize your book, organize the material, avoid repetition, keep it moving, engaging, fresh and original, and b.) copyeditors and proofreaders who make sure your completed manuscript is error-free and professionally designed. How Do You Find A Good Developmental Editor? Good is the key word here. A good editor is likely to be a professional editor who has had lots of experience in the traditional book publishing world. Once you have located an editor you feel may be right for your book, find out where she has worked and what published books she has worked on. Make sure she has had experience editing the kind of book you are writing. This is very important. And where do you find this person? = Get a referral. Check around, ask other writers, your friends, agents at writers conferences. = Look online. Go to Google and type in Freelance Editors.   Of course, you can type in Freelance Copyeditors and Proofreaders or Freelance Book Designers, too, if thats what you happen to be looking for. Also, you can check out our recently published guide The Self-Publishers Ultimate Resource Guide www.bookdocs.com The Independent Editors Group (full disclosure, Im a member of this group. www.bookworks.com The Self-Publishers Association www.bibliocrunch.com Bibliocrunch www.consulting-editors.com Consulting Editors Alliance www.digitalbookworld.com Digital Book World www.elance.com Elance www.the-efa.org Editorial Freelancers Association www.mediabistro.com Media Bistro www.publishersmarketplace.com Publishers Market Place = Chat with the editor. Define your goals. Feel free to ask him for his credentials and for the titles of a few of the published books he has worked on. If he has not worked on any books that have been published = Be clear about the fee structure. Does she charge = Ask about the time line. How long does she expect the editing process to take? This depends on how quickly you get the revisions back to her, but make sure you both agree on what is a reasonable amount of time for this project to take. = Ask if he has had experience with self-publishing. This is not essential, but sometimes an editor who knows his way around self-publishing, or who can at least refer you to others who do, can be a big help for first time indie authors. Always remember, this is your book. You are the creator, the artist, and your name is on the cover. When you disagree with your editors suggestions, trust your instincts and go with what you feel is right. You are the boss and thats as it should be.

Relationship between minimalism and Pop Art Essay

Relationship between minimalism and Pop Art - Essay Example Originated in Britain during the late 1950s up to 1960s, the pop art movement was formed to go against the concept of both abstract expressionism and minimalism . As such, the pop art movement challenges that way traditional fine arts were created. Likewise, the development of pop art movement also tried to put a distinction between the creation of â€Å"high art and low popular culture†. Based on aesthetical issues, the history of art movement, and social responses, this essay will purposely discuss the main relationship between minimalism and pop art. As part of the main discussion, similarities and differences between minimalism and pop art will be identified followed by determining the link that creates connection between these two types of art movements. In relation to American art and culture as well as the whole â€Å"anti-abstract expressionism†, the works of pop artists such as Andy Warhol and Robert Rauschenberg and minimalism artists such as Frank Stella and Donald Judd will be considered in this study. Depending on iconography, colours, forms, lines, shape, texture and other similar factors, at least one (1) work example coming from each of these four artists will be compared and contrast to show antithetical connections, similarities, and differences between minimalism and pop art. Both the minimalism and pop art movement was at its peak sometime in 1960s , . In line with this, one of the most obvious similarities between the minimalism and pop art group of artists is that both movements.

Managment methodologies of the military sector compared to the Research Paper

Managment methodologies of the military sector compared to the civilian sector - Research Paper Example There are certain principles of management which must be applied both in the military and the civilian sectors in order to enhance management. In the same way, considering the different cultures realized in these two sectors, it is fundamental to note that certain principles applied in the military sector cannot really work in the civilian sector. While discipline and chain of command is highly required in the military sector, it is not really a major concern in the civilian sector. The primary focus of management in all the sectors is basically to create a balance between efficiency and effectiveness. Principles In the civilian sector, the focus is to ensure that the customers are well serviced and satisfied. In this case, the employees must be managed effectively in order to realize this goal. If employees are not satisfied, it is evident that they will not really offer the best services to the customers and this limits efficiency and effectiveness. In the military, the officers mu st keenly weigh the aspects of effectiveness and efficiency considering that military missions call for high efficiency in operations (Christiansen, 2010). The inverse relationship between effectiveness and efficiency must be understood by the managers in all the sectors. There are four principles of management that cut across both the military and the civilian sectors and should therefore be a focus. Planning Planning is essentially a continual process and includes both short term and long term plans. Goals and objectives are normally set to be achieved within a given timeframe. For instance, the preparation of the budget is a planned process and cuts across both the military and the civilian sectors. Organizations usually have their short term and long term plans which are usually formulated well in advance. In the same way, such plans are common in the military sector. For instance, the Department of Defense has a document called the Five Year Defense Plan (FYDP) which it continu ously revises (Higbee, 2010). Organizing A business or a military agency should organize itself into units or departments that are meant to address different concerns within the organization. These divisions are mostly done on the basis of functions, geographical areas, products or customers. It is highly important to ensure that everything is organized in the most effective manner in order to enhance efficiency. Leading The concept of management is essentially a process of conducting roles and duties through people. In this case, a good manager should have the ability to lead people effectively by putting the employees through the best motivational programs and ensuring they give their maximum to the organization. In the military sector, discipline is highly regarded but motivation and managerial effectiveness must always take center stage. The nature of military activities creates the need for the officers to be well motivated. Such motivations are realized through promotions, pay benefits and other forms of recognition. Controlling The aspect of controlling does not actually relate to people. Rather, it is a way of ensuring that the organization actually meets its goals and objectives as set forth in its plans. In this case, progress has to be measured in order to provide information on how any inefficiency can be addressed. In case the goals are not met, then it is important for different approaches to be applied or the goals

Event-Driven Programming Features

Event-Driven Programming Features Event-driven programming known as a computer programming paradigm that used the occurrence of events to determine the control flow of the program. This type of application is designed to detect events as they occur, and use an appropriate event-handling procedure to deal with it, which normally use a callback function or method. Theoretically, event-driven style of programming is supported in all programming languages, but they may different in the way of implement it, for example, its easier to implement in languages that provide high-level abstractions, such as closures. Besides, for other programming environments such as Adobe Flash, they are specifically tailored for triggering program code by events. Generally, there is a main loop in an event-driven application that used to listen for events and triggers a callback function when there are events is detected. Key features and characteristics of event-driven programming Service Oriented Service oriented is a key features in event-driven programming that used to write programs that are made for services and it takes does not slow down the computer as service oriented only consume little of the computer processing power and usually services run in the background of OS. Time Driven In event driven programming, time driven is a paradigm, its a code that runs on a time trigger, time driven can be a specific code that runs on a specific time, which could be once an hour, once a week or once a month, this means its a pre-set to do task. For example, windows update is the example of time driven, which user can set when to update or when to check and download the update. Event Handlers Event handlers is a type of function or method that run a specific action when a specific event is triggered. For example, it could be a button that when user click it, it will display a message, and it will close the message when user click the button again, this is an event handler. Trigger Functions Trigger functions in event-driven programming are a functions that decide what code to run when there are a specific event occurs, which are used to select which event handler to use for the event when there is specific event occurred. Events Events include mouse, keyboard and user interface, which events need to be triggered in the program in order to happen, that mean user have to interacts with an object in the program, for example, click a button by a mouse, use keyboard to select a button and etc. Simplicity of Programming and Ease of Development Event-driven programming is simple and easier to program compared to other type of programming as its very visual, for example you can place a button by just select it and place it onto a form and write a code for it. Event-driven programming also easy for user to insert a pre-written code scripts into an existing application because it allows user to pause the code while its running. Which make developing using event-driven programming is easy. Compare Event Driven Programming with Object-oriented Programming (OOP) As mentioned above, event-driven programming known as a computer programming paradigm that used the occurrence of events to determine the control flow of the program, while objects-oriented programming (OOP) treats datafields as objects manipulated through pre-defined methods only and it constructed over four major principles, which are Encapsulation, Data Abstraction, Polymorphism and Inheritance. JavaScript, ActionScript, Visual Basic and Elm are the example for event-driven programming, while C++, C#, Java, Python, Ruby and Scala are the examples for object-oriented programming. In event-driven programming, a program is executed when they detected an event occur, for example, use mouse to click a button to show a message. Besides, in object-oriented programming, emphasis is given to data and classes are the main part of OOP, which mean classes are the blueprints of object and keep the data secure in the classes, only methods of particular classes are allowed to view the data. The classes are also different between event-driven programming and object oriented programming. In OOP, classes can be created by own while in event-driven programming user must use the defined classes. Object-oriented programming and event-driven programming may use together, which mentioned above that event-driven programming are support in all programming language, its just the way of implement it may different. References What is event-driven programming? (2017). Retrieved January 17, 2017, from http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/event-driven-prog.htm 1010, zakkcuthbert. (2014, November 7). Key features of event driven programs. Retrieved January 17, 2017, from https://zakkcuthbertunit14eventdrivenprogramming.wordpress.com/2014/11/07/key-features-of-event-driven-programs/ Event-driven programming (2017). . In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event-driven_programming#Common_uses Comparison of programming paradigms (2017). . In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming_paradigms Studytonight. (2016). Object oriented programming concepts in C++. Retrieved January 17, 2017, from http://www.studytonight.com/cpp/cpp-and-oops-concepts.php

Test Cricket

Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of 11 players on a field at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard long pitch. Each team takes it in turn to bat, attempting to score runs, while the other team fields. Each turn is known as an innings. The bowler delivers the ball to the batsman who attempts to hit the ball with his bat far enough for him to run to the other end of the pitch and score a run. Each batsman continues batting until he is out. The batting team continues batting until ten batsmen are out, at which point the teams switch roles and the fielding team comes in to bat.In professional cricket the length of a game ranges from 20 overs of six bowling deliveries per side toTest cricket played over five days. The Laws of Cricket are maintained by the International Cricket Council (ICC) and the Marylebone Cricket Club(MCC) with additional Standard Playing Conditions for Test matches and One Day Internationals. [1]Cricket was first played in southern Engla nd in the 16th century. By the end of the 18th century, it had developed into the national sport of England.The expansion of the British Empire led to cricket being played overseas and by the mid-19th century the first international matches were being held. The ICC, the game's governing body, has 10 full members. [2]The game is most popular in Australasia, England, the Indian subcontinent, the West Indies and Southern Africa. History Main article: History of cricketEarly cricket was at some time or another described as â€Å"a club striking a ball (like) the ancient games of club-ball, stool-ball, trap-ball, stob-ball†. [3] Cricket can definitely be traced back to Tudor times in early 16th-century England.Written evidence exists of a game known as creag being played by Prince Edward, the son of Edward I (Longshanks), at Newenden, Kent in 1301[4] and there has been speculation, but no evidence, that this was a form of cricket. A number of other words have been suggested as sou rces for the term â€Å"cricket†. In the earliest definite reference to the sport in 1598,[5] it is called creckett. Given the strong medieval trade connections between south-east England and the County of Flanders when the latter belonged to the Duchy of Burgundy, the name may have been derived from the Middle Dutch[6] krick(-e), meaning a stick(crook); or the Old English cricc or cryce meaning a crutch or staff. [7] In Old French, the word criquetseems to have meant a kind of club or stick. [8] InSamuel Johnson's Dictionary, he derived cricket from â€Å"cryce, Saxon, a stick†. [9] Another possible source is the Middle Dutch word krickstoel, meaning a long low stool used for kneeling in church and which resembled the long low wicket with twostumps used in early cricket.According to Heiner Gillmeister, a European language expert of Bonn University, â€Å"cricket† derives from the Middle Dutch phrase for hockey, met de (krik ket)sen (i. e. , â€Å"with the stic k chase†). [11] Dr Gillmeister believes that not only the name but the sport itself is of Flemish origin. [12]The first English touring team on board ship atLiverpool in 1859The earliest definite reference to cricket being played in England (and hence anywhere) is in evidence given at a 1598 court case which mentions that â€Å"creckett† was played on common land inGuildford, Surrey, around 1550.The court in Guildford heard on Monday, 17 January 1597 (Julian date, equating to the year 1598 in the Gregorian calendar) from a 59 year-old coroner,John Derrick, who gave witness that when he was a scholar at the â€Å"Free School at Guildford†, fifty years earlier, â€Å"hee and diverse of his fellows did runne and play [on the common land] at creckett and other plaies. â€Å"[13][14] It is believed that it was originally a children's game but references around 1610[14]indicate that adults had started playing it and the earliest reference to inter-parish or village c ricketoccurs soon afterwards.In 1624, a player calledJasper Vinall was killed when he was struck on the head during a match between two parish teams in Sussex. [15]During the 17th century, numerous references indicate the growth of cricket in the south-east of England. By the end of the century, it had become an organised activity being played for high stakes and it is believed that the first professionals appeared in the years following the Restoration in 1660. A newspaper report survives of â€Å"a great cricket match† with eleven players a side that was played for high stakes in Sussex in 1697 and this is the earliest known reference to a cricket match of such importance.The game underwent major development in the 18th century and became the national sport of England. Betting played a major part in that development with rich patrons forming their own â€Å"select XIs†. Cricket was prominent in London as early as 1707 and large crowds flocked to matches on the Artill ery Ground in Finsbury. The single wicket form of the sport attracted huge crowds and wagers to match. Bowling evolved around 1760 when bowlers began to pitch the ball instead of rolling or skimming it towards the batsman.This caused a revolution in bat design because, to deal with the bouncing ball, it was necessary to introduce the modern straight bat in place of the old â€Å"hockey stick† shape. TheHambledon Club was founded in the 1760s and, for the next 20 years until the formation of MCC and the opening of Lord's Old Ground in 1787, Hambledon was both the game's greatest club and its focal point. MCC quickly became the sport's premier club and the custodian of the Laws of Cricket.New Laws introduced in the latter part of the 18th century included the three stump wicket and leg before wicket (lbw). Don Bradman of Australia had a Test average of 99. 94 and an overall first-class average of 95. 14, records unmatched by any other player. [16]The 19th century saw underarm b owling replaced by first roundarm and then overarm bowling. Both developments were controversial. Organisation of the game at county level led to the creation of the county clubs, starting with Sussex CCC in 1839, which ultimately formed the official County Championship in 1890.Meanwhile, the British Empire had been instrumental in spreading the game overseas and by the middle of the 19th century it had become well established in India, North America, the Caribbean, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In 1844, the first international cricket match took place between theUnited States and Canada (although neither has ever been ranked as a Test-playing nation). Sachin Tendulkar of Indiawas rated by Wisden Cricketers' Almanack in 2002 as the second greatest Test batsman of all time, behind Don Bradman.In 1859, a team of England players went on the first overseas tour (to North America). The first Australian team to tour overseas was a team ofAboriginal stockmen who travelled to Eng land in 1868 to play matches against county teams. [17] In 1862, an English team made the first tour of Australia and in 1876–77, an England team took part in the first-ever Test match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground against Australia. W. G. Grace started his long career in 1865; his career is often said to have revolutionised the sport.The rivalry between England and Australia gave birth to The Ashes in 1882 and this has remained Test cricket's most famous contest[citation needed]. Test cricket began to expand in 1888–89 when South Africa played England. The last two decades before the First World War have been called the â€Å"Golden Age of cricket†. It is a nostalgic name prompted by the collective sense of loss resulting from the war, but the period did produce some great players and memorable matches, especially as organised competition at county and Test level developed.The inter-war years were dominated by one player: Australia's Don Bradman, statisticall y the greatest batsman of all time. It was the determination of the England team to overcome his skill that brought about the infamous Bodyline series in 1932–33, particularly from the accurate short-pitched bowling of Harold Larwood. Test cricket continued to expand during the 20th century with the addition of the West Indies, India, and New Zealand before the Second World War and then Pakistan, Sri Lanka, andBangladesh in the post-war period.However, South Africa was banned from international cricket from 1970 to 1992 because of its government's apartheidpolicy. Cricket entered a new era in 1963 when English counties introduced the limited overs variant. As it was sure to produce a result, limited overs cricket was lucrative and the number of matches increased. The first Limited Overs International was played in 1971. The governing International Cricket Council(ICC) saw its potential and staged the first limited overs Cricket World Cup in 1975. In the 21st century, a new li mited overs form, Twenty20, has made an immediate impact.

The Ethics Of Stem Cell Research - 1910 Words

The problem facing today, is that the human community fear the unknown, there are boundaries to everything in life. That you can not play god, because society frowns upon that. Years of stem cell research are the pinnacle of ethical issues, as to why is this being practiced. Lives matter and the time for change is here. The controversy starts with the first type of stem cells, which are Embryonic stem cells these cells come from an embryo. An embryo is a developing fetus, this brings issue due to Pro life supporters. It is a issue with morality, if it is correct to manipulate a living thing that can not fight for it’s life. The thing that this will explain is as to why the research does not take life, but preserve the the lives that are existent now. The frontier is near the face of people, the fear is that humanity does not know if it’s ready to explain what will happen with the advancement of the research. The way to counter argue that the research the â€Å"kills or destroys† the fetus is that the research benefits the the whole human community. Also the research does not idealize the death of a human. It represents the idea that this research is made for medical use. Furthermore the paper establishes as to defend stem cell research, as the difference of a human and an embryo are explained extensively. Embryonic stem cells and its research have controversial in the U.S since the late 1990’s, when the first embryonic cell was created in a lab. The divide in controversy was notShow MoreRelatedStem Cell Research in Ethics999 Words   |  4 PagesStem Cell Research in Ethics We are entering a brave new world where one can grow a heart in a petri plate then go on to surgically putting it into a real living boy who desperately needs it. This sounds like a tale of fiction. 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Several people strongly oppose the idea of the research, but many are struggling forRead MoreThe Ethics And Morality Of Stem Cell Research1990 Words   |  8 Pages The Ethics and Morality Of Stem Cell Research When does life begin? Does it occur at the time of fertilization? Does it begin at 12 weeks? 6? Or is there some other test determining whether or not a life begins and along with it the rights, that reside to man. The natural rights that belong to every human being, most importantly of which, the right to life. This is the discussion and debate that have been in the forefront of controversial issues for the past 40 years. In most cases the topicRead MoreThe Ethics Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1520 Words   |  7 PagesGulyas American Government 16 December 2014 The Ethics of Embryonic Stem Cell Research In the 21st century, disease is rampant and for most diseases, we have no cure because we haven t researched them long enough to find a specialized cure. 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The Perception Of Unconscious Bias - 1677 Words

Everyone is aware of their particular preferences or being in favor, or against particular individuals, foods, color, etc this would be considered to be having a bias. Kahn (2015) defines bias, as a preference for or leaning towards something based on one’s values, beliefs, or experiences (Kahn, 2015). On the other hand, unconscious bias is out of our conscious awareness. Bellack (2015), defines unconscious bias as, â€Å"operating as hidden blind spots, ones that are difficult to see and of which we are unaware yet influence our beliefs about and behavior towards others (Bellack, 2015, p. S63). Therefore, whether everyone wants to accept it or not, everyone has biases and unconscious biases, the question is, how do individuals become aware of†¦show more content†¦S64). Second, perhaps those close to us can bring things into our conscious perspective of what we may in fact not see. As Raymond (2013) mentions, â€Å"it is easier to detect bias in others than ourselv es, so we need to help each other without judgment† (Raymond, 2013, p. 34). Biases can be manifested in many ways and therefore, influence the decisions made in our day to day activities that involve work, home, and personal life. In the workplace, it may start with something as simple as in the organizational level, during the hiring and interviewing process, there may be a preference for a male in his mid 30’s to late 40’s for a supervisory position. Therefore, if the interviewing team enter the interview with this bias or mentality, then it is useless to interview women, who are under their 30’s as they do not meet the criteria. What is often not considered, is that individuals that are of the opposite sex or age group can contribute in their own manner to the workforce. Raymond (2013) mentions, â€Å"70% of men and women across 34 countries view science as more male than female† (Raymond, 2013, p. 33). Often times, this leads for individuals to be underestimated. Jennifer Raymond is an Associate Professor of neurobiology at St anford and is surprised via the IAT that she has a bias against women in science (Raymond, 2013, p. 33). This bias can be inferential that women may be fragile and not strong enough to take on such position, and can be something ingrained from a young